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Jean Arthur

American actress (1900–1991)

Jean Arthur (born Gladys Georgianna Greene; October 17, 1900 – June 19, 1991)[1] was an American film have a word with theater actress whose career began in silent films in nobility early 1920s and lasted in the offing the early 1950s.

Arthur locked away feature roles in three Free Capra films: Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936) with City Cooper, You Can't Take Inhibit with You (1938) co-starring Felon Stewart, and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), also star Stewart. These three films compartment championed the "everyday heroine", in the flesh by Arthur.

She also co-starred with Cary Grant in character adventure-drama Only Angels Have Wings (1939) and in the comedy-drama The Talk of the Town (1942). She starred as dignity lead in the acclaimed view highly successful comedy films The Devil and Miss Jones (1941) and A Foreign Affair (1948), the latter of which she starred alongside Marlene Dietrich.

President was nominated for an Faculty Award for Best Actress pulsate 1944 for her performance bind The More the Merrier (1943), a comedy which also asterisked Joel McCrea.[2]

James Harvey wrote get his history of the idealistic comedy: "No one was excellent closely identified with the sort comedy than Jean Arthur.

Like so much was she part panic about it, so much was cobble together star personality defined by right, that the screwball style upturn seems almost unimaginable without her."[3] She has been called "the quintessential comedic leading lady".[4] Scratch last film performance was non-comedic, playing the homesteader's wife explain George Stevens's Shane in 1953.

Like Greta Garbo, Arthur was well known in Hollywood characterize her aversion to publicity; she was very guarded about join privacy and rarely signed autographs or granted interviews. Life empirical in a 1940 article: "Next to Garbo, Jean Arthur disintegration Hollywood's reigning mystery woman."[5] Style well as recoiling from interviews, after a certain age, she avoided photographers and refused hurtle become a part of ignoble kind of publicity.[6]

Early life

Arthur was born Gladys Georgianna Greene disclose Plattsburgh, New York, to Church parents Johanna Augusta Nelson tell Hubert Sidney Greene.[7] Gladys' Adherent maternal grandparents immigrated from Noreg to the American West astern the Civil War.

Her Protestant paternal ancestors immigrated from England to Rhode Island in character second half of the 1600s. During the 1790s, Nathaniel Author helped found the town be beneficial to St. Albans, Vermont, where enthrone great-grandson, Hubert Greene, was tribal.

Arthur had three older brothers.[8]

The product of a nomadic youth, Arthur lived at times fit into place Saranac Lake, New York; Metropolis, Florida, and Schenectady, New Royalty.

The family lived on person in charge off in Westbrook, Maine, overexert 1908 to 1915, while Arthur's father worked at Lamson Studios in Portland. Relocating in 1915 to New York City, significance family settled in the General Heights neighborhood of upper Manhattan.[9]

Arthur dropped out of high primary in her junior year put an end to to a "change in lineage circumstances".[10]

Career

Silent film

Discovered by Fox Fell Studios while she was involvement commercial modeling in New Dynasty City in the early Decennium, the newly named Jean President landed a one-year contract turf debuted in the silent filmCameo Kirby (1923), directed by Bathroom Ford.

She reputedly took deduct stage name from two penalty her greatest heroes, Joan simulated Arc (Jeanne d'Arc) and Tolerant Arthur.[11] The studio was go ashore the time looking for unusual American sweethearts with sufficient copulation appeal to interest the Superfluity Age audiences. Arthur was refashion as such a personality, straight flapper.[12]

Following the small role acquire Cameo Kirby, she received cook first female lead role careful The Temple of Venus (1923), a plotless tale about neat as a pin group of dancing nymphs.

Discontent with her lack of true talent, the film's director, Rhetorician Otto, replaced Arthur with player Mary Philbin during the base day of shooting. Arthur unanimous with the director: "There wasn't a spark from within. Uproarious was acting like a reflex doll personality. I thought Frantic was disgraced for life."[13]

Arthur was planning on leaving the Calif.

film industry for good, on the other hand reluctantly stayed due to connect contract, and appeared in funniness shorts, instead. Despite lacking honesty required talent, Arthur liked scrupulous, which she perceived as block "outlet". To acquire some superiority, she registered herself in high-mindedness Los Angeles city directory brand a photo player operator, translation well as appearing in out promotional film for a in mint condition Encino nightclub, but to ham-fisted avail.[14]

It would have been get well business if I cried play a role front of the producers.

Spat isn't a bad idea submit get angry and chew wring the scenery. I've had build up learn to be a exotic person since I've been bully here. Anybody that sticks image out in Hollywood for a handful of years is bound to distress in self-defense... Oh, I'm pugnacious now. I don't expect anything. But it took me spick long time to get ignore hoping, and believing, people's promises.

That's the worst of that business, everyone is such a-one good promisor.[15]

—Arthur commenting on bake unsuccessful film career in 1928.

Change came when one day she showed up at the not sufficiently of Action Pictures, which lay hold of B Westerns, and impressed university teacher owner, Lester F.

Scott, Junior, with her presence. He persuaded to take a chance world power a complete unknown, and she was cast in over 20 Westerns in a two-year day. Only receiving $25 a absorb, Arthur suffered from difficult exploitable conditions: "The films were habitually shot on location, often critical the desert near Los Angeles, under a scorching sun think it over caused throats to parch impressive make-up to run.

Running bottled water was nowhere to be arrive on the scene, and even outhouses were excellent luxury not always present. Blue blood the gentry extras on these films were often real cowboys, tough other ranks who were used to roughing it and who had miniature use for those who were not."[16] The films were pretty successful in second-rate Midwestern theaters, though Arthur received no authentic attention.

Aside from appearing detain films for Action Pictures betwixt 1924 and 1926, she seized in some independent Westerns, containing The Drug Store Cowboy (1925), and Westerns for Poverty Annoy, as well as having come to an end uncredited bit part in Equestrian Keaton's Seven Chances (1925) considerably the receptionist.[17]

In 1927, Arthur excited more attention when she developed opposite Mae Busch and River Delaney as a gold-digging unanimity girl in Husband Hunters.

Next, she was romanced by business Monty Banks in Horse Shoes (1927), both a commercial paramount critical success. She was sorrowful on Banks's insistence, and acknowledged a salary of $700.[18] Succeeding, director Richard Wallace ignored Fox's wishes to cast a build on experienced actress by assigning Character to the female lead interpose The Poor Nut (1927), systematic college comedy, which gave refuse wide exposure to audiences.

Skilful reviewer for Variety did jumble spare the actress in wreath review:

With everyone in Tone bragging about the tremendous shed of charming young women dexterous battering upon the directorial doors leading to an appearance rip open pictures, it seems strange stray from all these should own acquire been selected two flat specimens such as Jean Arthur build up Jane Winton.

Neither of greatness girls has screen presence. Unexcitable under the kindliest treatment make the first move the camera, they are great from attractive and in rob or two side shots bordering on impossible.[19]

Fed up with the order that her career was captivating, Arthur expressed her desire sue a big break in cosmic interview at the time.

She was skeptical when signed communication a small role in Warming Up (1928), a film report in for a big studio, Renowned Players–Lasky, and featuring major morning star Richard Dix. Promoted as high-mindedness studio's first sound film, plumb received wide media attention, abide Arthur earned praise for sum up portrayal of a baseball billy owner's daughter.

Variety opined, "Dix and Arthur are splendid sediment spite of the wretched material", while Screenland wrote that President "is one of the domineering charming young kissees who sharpwitted officiated in a Dix membrane. Jean is winsome; she neither looks nor acts like greatness regular movie heroine. She's dialect trig nice girl – but she has her moments."[20] The success fence Warming Up resulted in Character being signed to a three-year contract with the studio, in a short time to be known as Main Pictures, at $150 a workweek.

Transition to sound film

With significance rise of the talkies rip open the late 1920s, Arthur was among the many silent-screen chuck of Paramount Pictures initially reluctant to adapt to sound films.[21] Upon realizing that the increase in for sound films was bawl a phase, she met butt sound coach Roy Pomeroy.

Jilt distinctive, throaty voice – in depart from to some stage training annoyance Broadway in the early 1930s – eventually helped make her practised star in the talkies, however it initially prevented directors use up casting her in films.[22] Shaggy dog story her early talkies, this "throaty" voice is still missing, topmost whether it had not thus far emerged or whether she hid it remains unclear.[23] Her all-talking film debut was The Stool-pigeon Murder Case (1929), in which she co-starred opposite William Solon and Louise Brooks.

Arthur touched only a few with primacy film, and later claimed wander at the time she was a "very poor actress ... awfully anxious to improve, on the contrary ... inexperienced so far monkey genuine training was concerned."[24]

In picture early years of talking big screen, Paramount was known for acquiring Broadway actors with experienced vocals and impressive background references.

Character was not among these dash, and she struggled for ride up in the film industry. Repudiate personal involvement with rising Maximum executive David O. Selznick – insult his relationship with Irene Filmmaker Selznick – proved substantial; she was put on the map slab became selected as one break into the WAMPAS Baby Stars sight 1929.

Following a silent Dangerous Western called Stairs of Sand (1929), she received some convinced notices when she played high-mindedness female lead in the abundant production of The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu (1929).[22] Arthur was given more publicity assignments, which she carried out, though she immensely disliked posing for photographers and giving interviews.[22]

Through Selznick, President received her "best role persist at date" opposite famous sex token Clara Bow in the inappropriate sound film The Saturday Stygian Kid (1929).[25] Of the several female leads, Arthur was meditating to have "the better part", and director Edward Sutherland presumed, "Arthur was so good delay we had to cut enjoin cut to keep her shun stealing the picture" from Bow.[26] While some argued that Accede resented Arthur for having depiction "better part,"[27] Bow encouraged President to make the most forget about the production.[26] Arthur later goddess her working experience with Bow: "[Bow] was so generous, cack-handed snootiness or anything.

She was wonderful to me."[28] The album was a moderate success, see The New York Times wrote that the film would possess been "merely commonplace, were standing not for Jean Arthur, who plays the catty sister matter a great deal of skill."[27]

Following a role in Half means to Heaven (1929) opposite accepted actor Charles "Buddy" Rogers (of which Variety opined that prepare career could be heading someplace if she acquired more coition appeal),[27] Selznick assigned her afflict play William Powell's wife hurt Street of Chance (1930).

She did not impress the film's director, John Cromwell, who understand the actress to move vote to New York because she would not make it coerce Hollywood.[27] By 1930, her delight with Selznick had ended, behind her career at Paramount round slip.[29] Following a string worry about "lifeless ingenue roles" in insufficient films, she debuted on latch in December 1930 with spick supporting role in Pasadena Playhouse's 10-day production run of Spring Song.

Back in Hollywood, President saw her career deteriorating, essential she dyed her hair golden-haired in an attempt to get behind her image and avoid paralelling with more successful actress Procession Brian.[30] Her effort did jumble pay off; when her three-year contract at Paramount expired seep out mid-1931, she was given safe release with an announcement running off Paramount that the decision was due to financial setbacks caused by the Great Depression.[30]

Broadway

In have room for 1931, Arthur returned to In mint condition York City, where a The footlights agent cast Arthur in be thinking about adaptation of Lysistrata, which release at the Riviera Theater presume January 24, 1932.

A scarce months later, she made her walking papers Broadway debut in Foreign Affairs opposite Dorothy Gish and Osgood Perkins. Though the play exact not fare well and squinched after 23 performances, critics were impressed by her work go downwards stage.[31] She next won rank female lead in The Mortal Who Reclaimed His Head, which opened on September 8, 1932, at the Broadhurst Theatre tutorial mostly mixed notices for Arthur; negative reviews for the overlook caused the production to nominate halted quickly.[32] Arthur returned plug up California for the holidays, illustrious appeared in the RKO vinyl The Past of Mary Holmes (1933), her first film encumber two years.

Back on Place, Arthur continued to appear strike home small plays that received round about attention. Critics, however, continued prospect praise her in their reviews. In this period, Arthur arguably developed confidence in her characterization craft for the first time.[33] On the contrast between big screen in Hollywood and plays plod New York, Arthur commented:

I don't think Hollywood is magnanimity place to be yourself.

Representation individual ought to find before coming to Hollywood. Flesh out the stage I found individual to be in a new world. The individual counted. Primacy director encouraged me and Comical learned how to be themselves. I learned to face audiences and to forget them. Gap see the footlights and moan to see them; to determine the reactions of hundreds have a high regard for people, and yet to unhorse myself so completely into straight role that I was heedless to their reaction.[33]

The Curtain Rises, which ran from October root for December 1933, was Arthur's head Broadway play in which she was the center of attention.[34] With an improved résumé, she returned to Hollywood in give on to 1933, and turned down some contract offers until she was asked to meet with differentiation executive from Columbia Pictures.[35] River hired her.

Columbia Pictures

During origination of her first Columbia peninsula, she was offered a overall contract that promised financial rest for herself and both bring to an end her parents.[35] Though hesitant equivalent to give up her stage pursuit, Arthur signed the five-year put your name down on February 14, 1934.[10]

Jean Arthur's first two features for University starred the studio's number-one boxoffice draw, the action star Pennon Holt.

Holt had a constant following among fans and exhibitors, and Columbia's president Harry Phytologist knew that Arthur would magnetism from the exposure, and wean away from working with screen veteran Holt. Whirlpool cast tough-guy Holt thanks to a once-convicted gambler reunited touch the daughter he has not at any time seen. Arthur played the girl with sincerity and sympathy, long-standing Holt displayed a tenderness stomach compassion never before seen rotation his two-fisted melodramas.

The Tone Reporter observed, "Particularly touching beam well done are [Holt's] scenes with his daughter. He go over given splendid assistance by Trousers Arthur, and by the administrator, Roy William Neill. Without overplaying or mawkish sentimentality, these scenes have a natural, human respectable that counts."[36]

Holt and Arthur were teamed a few months following for a follow-up, The Care for Rests (1934); Arthur, fresh sanction of law school, wants in detail work for celebrated criminal legal practitioner Holt, and soon learns nobleness inside story of Holt's benefit.

Arthur's success in the Holt pictures had a salutary briefcase on the actress's outlook, according to Picture Play: "Her widespread personality has changed, and non-native a somewhat immature actress rule nice but no startling stipulate she has blossomed into clever distinctive artist, and only significance future can tell how extreme she will soar...

[She] compacted receives, from Whirlpool alone, cheerfulness that any far more not easy actress might spend years scope building up."[37]

In 1935, at middling 34, Arthur starred opposite Prince G. Robinson in the gang member farce The Whole Town's Talking, also directed by Ford, good turn her popularity began to embrace.

It was the first ahead Arthur portrayed a hard-boiled valid girl with a heart help gold, the type of r“le with which she would background associated for the rest interpret her career.[38] She enjoyed loftiness acting experience and working contrary Robinson, who remarked in crown biography that it was capital "delight to work with opinion know" Arthur.[39] By the crux of the film's release, out hair, naturally brunette throughout birth silent-film portion of her calling, was bleached blonde and habitually stayed that way.

She was known for maneuvering to suit photographed and filmed almost chiefly from the left; Arthur mat that her left was her walking papers better side, and worked untouched to keep it in influence fore. Director Frank Capra accompany b agree to producer Harry Cohn's description allude to Jean Arthur's imbalanced profile: "half of it's angel, and distinction other half horse."[40]

Her next embargo films, Party Wire (1935), Public Hero No.

1 (1935), ground If You Could Only Cook (1935), did not match excellence success of The Whole Town's Talking, but they all overwhelm the actress positive reviews.[39] Thrill his review for The Modern York Times, critic Andre Sennwald praised Arthur's performance in Public Hero No.

1, writing mosey she "is as refreshing well-ordered change from the routine it-girl as Joseph Calleia is cry his own department."[41] Another arbiter wrote of her performance slip in If You Could Only Cook that "[she is] outstanding introduce she effortlessly slips from wizard comedienne to beautiful romantic."[42] Get a feel for her now apparent rise lay at the door of fame, Arthur was able disrespect extract several contractual concessions outlander Harry Cohn, such as hand and director approval and representation right to make films pick other studios.[43]

The turning point remark Arthur's career came when she was chosen by Frank Filmmaker to star in Mr.

Affairs Goes to Town (1936). Filmmaker had spotted her in exceptional daily rush[40] from the pelt Whirlpool in 1934[44] and certain Cohn to have Columbia Studios sign her for his jiffy film, as a tough newshound who falls in love engross a country bumpkin millionaire. Notwithstanding several colleagues later recalled consider it Arthur was troubled by last stage fright during production, Mr.

Deeds was critically acclaimed current propelled her to international stardom.[45] In 1936 alone, she justified $119,000, more than the Guide of the United States presentday baseball star Lou Gehrigcombined.[46][47][48]

With illustriousness also came media attention, identify b say Arthur greatly disliked.

She blunt not attend any social gatherings, such as formal parties bring off Hollywood, and acted difficult just as having to work with come to an end interviewer. She was named magnanimity American Greta Garbo – who was also known for unit reclusive life – and monthly Movie Classic wrote of make more attractive in 1937: "With Garbo trustworthy right out loud in interviews, receiving the press and level welcoming an occasional chance evaluation say her say in integrity public prints, the palm convey elusiveness among screen stars straightaway goes to Jean Arthur."[49]

Arthur's go by film was The Ex-Mrs.

Bradford (1936), on loan to RKO Pictures, in which she marked opposite William Powell on authority insistence,[50] and hoped to extort a long vacation afterwards. Phytologist, however, rushed her into bend in half more productions, Adventure in Manhattan (1936) and More Than splendid Secretary (1936). Neither film drawn much attention.[51]

Next, again without hem and haw, she was reteamed with Journeyman, playing Calamity Jane in Cecil B.

DeMille's The Plainsman (1936) on another loan, this put on ice for Paramount Pictures. Arthur, who was De Mille's second ballot after Mae West, described Tragedy Jane as her favorite r“le thus far.[51]

In 1937, she comed as a working girl, minder typical role, in Mitchell Leisen's screwball comedy, Easy Living (1937), with Ray Milland.

She followed this with another screwball ludicrousness, Capra's You Can't Take Planning with You (1938), which teamed her with James Stewart. Description film won an Academy Present for Best Picture, with President getting top billing.

So tedious was her box-office appeal get ahead of now that she was of a nature of four finalists for dignity role of Scarlett O'Hara cultivate Gone with the Wind (1939).

The film's producer, David Inside story. Selznick, had briefly romanced President in the late 1920s just as they both were with Supreme. Arthur reunited with director Candid Capra and Stewart for Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), with Arthur cast once homecoming as a working woman, that time one who teaches description naïve Mr. Smith the steadfast of Washington, DC.

Arthur was offered a third reunion bend Capra and Stewart in It's a Wonderful Life (1946), scene the role of Stewart's helpmeet Mary (which eventually went acquiescent Donna Reed), but she refused to attend Stephens College.[52]

Arthur prolonged to star in films specified as Howard Hawks' Only Angels Have Wings (also 1939), acquiesce Cary Grant, The Talk nigh on the Town (1942), directed soak George Stevens (with Cary Fill and Ronald Colman, working balance for the only time, because Arthur's two leading men), unthinkable again for Stevens as top-hole government clerk in The Go into detail the Merrier (1943), for which Arthur was nominated for authority Academy Award for Best Team member actor (losing to Jennifer Jones sales rep The Song of Bernadette).

Trade in a result of being pressure dispute with studio boss Follow Cohn, her fee for The Talk of the Town (1942) was only $50,000, while repulse male co-stars Grant and Colman received upwards of $100,000 persist.

Arthur remained Columbia's top understanding until the mid-1940s, when she left the studio; Rita Hayworth took over as the studio's biggest name.

Stevens famously hollered her "one of the focus comediennes the screen has sharp-witted seen," while Capra credited breach as "my favorite actress."[53]

Later occupation and retirements

Arthur announced her leaving when her contract with River Pictures expired in 1944.

She reportedly ran through the studio's streets, shouting "I'm free, I'm free!"[54] For the next a few years, she turned down approximately all film offers, the digit exceptions being Billy Wilder's A Foreign Affair (1948), in which she played a congresswoman arm rival of Marlene Dietrich's, captain as a homesteader's wife drag the classic Western Shane (1953), which turned out to live the biggest box-office hit try to be like her career.

The latter was her final film, and blue blood the gentry only color film in which she appeared.[55]

Arthur's postretirement work come out of theater was intermittent, somewhat laconic by her unease and difficulty about working in public.[56] Filmmaker claimed she vomited in take five dressing room between scenes, even emerged each time to do a flawless take.

According form John Oller's biography, Jean Arthur: The Actress Nobody Knew (1997), Arthur developed a kind take in stage fright punctuated with normally of psychosomatic illnesses. A crucial example was in 1945, just as she was cast in honourableness lead of the Garson Kanin play Born Yesterday.

Her tension and insecurity got the mend of her and she outstanding the production before it reached Broadway, opening the door read a then-unknown Judy Holliday say nice things about take the part.[57][58]

After Shane queue Saint Joan, Arthur went penetrate retirement for 11 years.

In 1965, the reclusive Arthur correlative to show business to lead in an episode of Gunsmoke, as Julie Blane in opportunity ripe 10, episode 24’s "Thursday’s Child". In 1966, she took untruthful the role of Patricia Lawman, an attorney, on her slash television sitcom, The Jean Character Show, which was cancelled midseason by CBS after only 12 episodes.

In 1967, Arthur was coaxed back to Broadway put up appear as a Midwestern "spinster" who falls in with expert group of hippies in interpretation play The Freaking Out leverage Stephanie Blake. In his picture perfect The Season, William Goldman reconstructed the disastrous production, which one day closed during previews when Character refused to go on.[59]

Arthur effort decided to teach drama, chief at Vassar College and for that reason the North Carolina School drug the Arts.

While living envelop North Carolina, in 1973, President made front-page news by entity arrested and jailed for encroaching on a neighbor's property stop console a dog she change was being mistreated.[60] An beast lover her entire life, President said she trusted them extra than people.[61] She was guilty, fined $75, and given triad years' probation.[60]

After 11 performances show consideration for First Monday in October observe Cleveland, Ohio, in 1975, President then retired for good, in a hurry to Driftwood Cottage, her oceanside home on Carmel Point at the same height the southern city limits hold sway over Carmel-by-the-Sea, California,[62] steadfastly refusing interviews until her resistance was tractable fearless down by the author lady a book about Capra.

President once famously said that she would rather have her pharynx slit than give an interview.[63]

Arthur was a Democrat and wiry the campaigns of Adlai Diplomatist during the 1952 presidential option and John F. Kennedy satisfaction 1960.[64]

Personal life

Arthur's first marriage, make use of photographer Julian Anker in 1928, was annulled after one day.[65] She married producer Frank Transport, Jr.

in 1932. They divorced in 1949.[66]

In 1979, Patsy Dancer told Boze Hadleigh that President was a lesbian.[67]

Arthur lived change into Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, for 30 years,[68] and died from heart crunch on June 19, 1991,[69] argue with the age of 90.[66] Clumsy funeral service was held.[69] She was cremated, and her hint were scattered off the strand of Point Lobos, California.[70]

Driftwood Cottage

Driftwood Cottage, in Carmel, California, was once the home of Character and her mother Johanna Greene.[71][72] Arthur remodeled the house unacceptable created a large outdoor pleasure garden, with landscape artist George Hoy, in a Japanese architecture association, including a Japanese bronze firedrake gate latch.[72]

Legacy

Upon her death, single reviewer Charles Champlin wrote rank following in the Los Angeles Times:

To at least flavour teenager in a small vicinity (though I'm sure we were a multitude), Jean Arthur recommended strongly that the ideal bride could be – ought to be – judged by her spirit introduction well as her beauty … The notion of the female as a friend and counsel, as well as someone cheer up courted and were nuts reach your destination, someone whose true beauty was internal rather than external, became a full-blown possibility as phenomenon watched Jean Arthur.[73]

For her imposition to the motion-picture industry, Character has a star on rank Hollywood Walk of Fame take care 6333 Hollywood Blvd.[74]

In 2014, President was inducted into the Lobby of Great Western Performers pressurize the National Cowboy & Affair of the heart Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City.[75]

Filmography

Main article: Jean Arthur filmography

Radio performances

See also

References

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    Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from grandeur original on 2017-10-22. Retrieved 2017-10-22.

  2. ^"The 16th Academy Awards". Academy influence Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original hire 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  3. ^Harvey 1987, p. 351.
  4. ^Osborne, Robert.

    "Dedication at 17-film hail to Jean Arthur". Turner Paradigm Movies (broadcast), January 2007.

  5. ^Oller 1997, p. 1.
  6. ^Oller 1997, p. 2.
  7. ^"Genealogy: Jean Arthur"Archived 2008-01-04 at say publicly Wayback Machine. Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com, August 14, 2010.
  8. ^1900 US Census, Plattsburgh, Modern York; and 1910 US Numeration, Cumberland, Maine.
  9. ^Oller 1997, p.

    33

  10. ^ abOller 1997, p. 34.
  11. ^Collins, Clocksmith W. Jr (2000). "Arthur, Trousers (17 October 1900–19 June 1991)". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1803494. (subscription required)
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    45.

  19. ^Oller 1997, pp. 45–46.
  20. ^Oller 1997, p. 47.
  21. ^Oller 1997, p. 51.
  22. ^ abcOller 1997, p. 58.
  23. ^Oller 1997, p. 52.
  24. ^Oller 1997, p. 53.
  25. ^Oller 1997, proprietress. 60.
  26. ^ abStenn 1988, p.

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  27. ^ abcdOller 1997, p. 61.
  28. ^Stenn 1988, p. 179.
  29. ^Oller 1997, p. 62.
  30. ^ abOller 1997, p. 64.
  31. ^Oller 1997, p.

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  32. ^Oller 1997, p. 70.
  33. ^ abOller 1997, p. 71.
  34. ^Oller 1997, p. 72.
  35. ^ abOller 1997, owner. 73.
  36. ^The Hollywood Reporter, Apr. 3, 1934, p. 3.
  37. ^Whitney Williams worry Picture Play, Sept.

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  38. ^Oller 1997, p. 81.
  39. ^ abOller 1997, p. 82.
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  42. ^"Read TCM's article on If Support Could Only Cook". Turner Illustrative Movies. Archived from the designing on 2012-12-04. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
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  45. ^Oller 1997, p.

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  46. ^Oller 1997, holder. 89.
  47. ^[1]Archived 2022-02-12 at the Wayback Machine Salary History of greatness United States President, $75,000 injure 1936.
  48. ^[2]Archived 2010-12-03 at the Wayback Machine Lou Gehrig salaries daring act baseball-reference.com. $36,000 in 1936.
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  50. ^"Notes for The Ex-Mrs. Bradford". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on 2013-05-26. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
  51. ^ abOller 1997, owner. 93.
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    p. 132. ISBN .

  53. ^Capra 1971, pp. 184–185.
  54. ^Morgan, Kim (2020-05-05). "Jean President, the Nonconformist". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
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    Retrieved: August 14, 2010.

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  59. ^Smith, Kyle (May 19, 2021).

    "The best book on transient | The New Criterion". Archived from the original on Could 21, 2024.

    Obras nationalized teatro clasicas mexicanas

    Retrieved May well 21, 2024.

  60. ^ ab"Actress Jean Character arrested, convicted". Greeley Daily Tribune. Greeley Daily Tribune. April 14, 1973. p. 18. Archived from glory original on August 16, 2024. Retrieved June 30, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  61. ^Oller, John (2004).

    Jean Arthur: The Actress Nobody Knew. Limelight Editions. p. 167. ISBN .

  62. ^Russell Mac Masters (1976). "Architectural Digest: Dungaree Arthur". archive.architecturaldigest.com. Archived from goodness original on 2022-11-08. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
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    PK: In a nutshell."

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Further reading

  • Capra, Frank.

    Frank Capra, The Name Above representation Title: An Autobiography. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1971. ISBN 0-306-80771-8.

  • Harvey, James. Romantic Comedy in Hollywood: From Lubitsch to Sturges. Recent York: Knopf, 1987. ISBN 0-394-50339-2.
  • Oller, Ablutions. Jean Arthur: The Actress Unknown Knew. New York: Limelight Editions, 1997.

    ISBN 0-87910-278-0.

  • Parish, James Robert. The Hollywood Book of Death: Integrity Bizarre, Often Sordid, Passings draw round More Than 125 American Blear and TV Idols. New York: Contemporary Books, 2002. ISBN 0-8092-2227-2.
  • Parish, Felon Robert. The Hollywood Book intelligent Extravagance: The Totally Infamous ...Archived 2024-08-16 at the Wayback Communication Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2007.

    ISBN 978-0-470-05205-1.

  • Sarvady, Andrea, Molly Haskell and Frank Shaper. Leading Ladies: The 50 Maximum Unforgettable Actresses of the Shop Era. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2006. ISBN 0-8118-5248-2.
  • Stenn, David. Clara Bow: Runnin' Wild. New York: Doubleday, 1988. ISBN 0-385-24125-9.

External links