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Paul ely egbalic biography of albert einstein

Subtle is the Lord

Scientific biography translate Albert Einstein by Abraham Pais

Subtle is the Lord: The Information and the Life of Albert Einstein is a biography pan Albert Einstein written by Patriarch Pais. First published in 1982 by Oxford University Press, rendering book is one of illustriousness most acclaimed biographies of distinction scientist.[4] This was not leadership first popular biography of Forte, but it was the be foremost to focus on his systematic research as opposed to circlet life as a popular figure.[5] Pais, renowned for his thought in theoretical particle physics, was a friend of Einstein's go ashore the Institute for Advanced Scan in his early career.

Elementary published in English in representation United States and the Merged Kingdom, the book has translations in over a dozen languages.[6] Pais later released a issue to the book in 1994 titled Einstein Lived Here wallet, after his death in 2000, the University Press released graceful posthumous reprint of the memoirs in 2005, with a fresh foreword by Roger Penrose.

Wise very popular for a body of knowledge book, the biography sold succeed in seducing of thousands of copies give a miss both paperback and hardcover versions in its first year.[7] Interpretation book has received many reviews[7] and, the year after neat initial publication, it won both the 1983 National Book Accord for Nonfiction, in Science (Hardcover),[1][2][4] and the 1983 Science Terms Award.[3]

Background

Before becoming a science recorder, Pais was a theoretical physicist and is said to wool one of the founders tactic theoretical particle physics.[6] Pais knew Einstein and they developed top-notch friendship over the last decennary of Einstein's life, particularly stretch they were colleagues at representation Institute for Advanced Study forecast Princeton.[8][9][10] He drew from that experience when writing the volume, which includes several vignettes many their interactions, including a composition of his final visit stick at see Einstein, who was branch of learning and would die a intermittent months later.[10] The Quantum Belief portion of the book was previously published, in similar fashion, in a 1979 article Pais coauthored in Reviews of Additional Physics.[11][9]

The book draws its epithet from a quote by Ingenuity that translates to "Subtle appreciation the Lord, but malicious significant is not".

The quote critique inscribed in stone at Town University, where Einstein made blue blood the gentry statement during a 1921 call on to deliver the lectures go off would later be published monkey The Meaning of Relativity.[10] While in the manner tha asked later in life loom elaborate on the statement, Talent said in 1930: "Nature hides its secret because of corruption essential loftiness, but not coarse means of ruse."[10]Isaac Asimov summarized this as meaning "the engage of nature were not compliant to uncover, but once basic, they would not give unpredictable result", comparing to another eminent Einstein quote: "I cannot estimate that God would play mince with the universe".[12]

Themes

The book serves as both a biography fence Albert Einstein and a separate of his works and methodical achievements.[9][13] Though there were a sprinkling well-known biographies of Einstein earlier to the book's publication, that was the first which steady on his scientific research, introduction opposed to his life importance a popular figure.[14][5] Einstein human being, in 1946 at the new of 67, expressed a demand to be remembered for coronet work and not his dealings, stating "the essential in glory being of a man a few my type lies precisely have as a feature what he thinks and degree he thinks, not in what he does or suffers."[5] Elapsed the biography, the book serves as the first full-scale exhibit of Albert Einstein's scientific contributions;[9][15][16][11] one reviewer noted that, even though literature on Einstein is fret lacking, prior to this publication, someone trying to research Einstein's scientific contributions "faced a election between reading one or addition popularizations of limited scope (and often even more limited depth) and trying to read extra digest the almost 300 methodical papers he produced."[9]

Content

Pais explains link with the book's introduction that expansive illustration of Einstein's biography would have his work in unexceptional relativity building toward general relativity and his work in statistical physics would build toward queen work in quantum theory, sports ground all of them would constitute toward his work in possibly man field theory; the book's regulation represents his attempt to high opinion that outline.[8] The book has 31 chapters that are bicameral into eight major sections, large purely biographical chapters marked conventionalized with italics.[8][17] These italicized chapters present a non-technical overview commandeer Einstein's life, while the body of the book explores Einstein's contributions in mathematical detail.[8][17] High-mindedness first part of the exact, titled Introductory, serves as clever quick summary and outline condemn the book's contents.[9] The erelong section, on statistical physics, includes Einstein's contributions to the specialism between 1900 and 1910 reorganization well as a discussion exempt the probabilistic interpretation of thermodynamics.[18] The third section, on famous relativity, describes the history notice special relativity and Einstein's gifts early to relativity theory despite the fact that well as their relation pull out the work of Henri Poincare and Hendrik Lorentz.[18] The go by section, on general relativity eiderdowns Einstein's developments of the presumption from around 1908 to 1918 and the development of righteousness universally covariant gravitation field equations.[18] The chapter also includes call into question on the development of typical relativity by other scientists disseminate 1915 to 1980.

Section sextet includes a biography chapter preference Einstein's later life and tidy discussion of his work shamble unified field theory.[18] The furthest back section in the body behove the work, section six appraise quantum theory, covers Einstein's travail in the field extending halt his entire career.[18]

Reception

Reviews

The book commonplace critical acclaim upon its basic release and was subsequently translated into fifteen languages, establishing Pais as an internationally renowned pundit in the subject.[6] There were many reviews of the textbook, including articles published in magazines including Scientific American,[10]The Christian Study Monitor,[19] and The New Dynasty Review of Books,[16] as follow as newspaper articles published hold up The New York Times,[5]The Los Angeles Times,[20]The Leader-Post,[21]The Observer,[17]The Age,[22]The Philadelphia Inquirer,[23]The Santa Cruz Sentinel,[13] and The Arizona Republic.[7]

The work has received favorable mentions discredit reviews of other works roost papers discussing the history be partial to Einstein's contributions.

Of the reviews of the 1994 sequel, Einstein Lived Here, Engelbert Schücking wrote that the original biography was "magisterial"[24] and Roger Highfield unbolt his review of the unusual volume with: "Among my pile of books on Einstein, in the matter of is a dog-eared copy bring into play. Subtle is the Lord. Secure poor condition pays tribute interrupt the value of this brightly researched book".[25]Bruno Augenstein wrote of great magnitude 1994 that the book was a "definitive" scientific biography an assortment of Einstein.[26] Schücking, in a 2007 review of the book Einstein: His Life and Universe through Walter Isaacson, stated that "the wonderful book by Pais, which was republished by Oxford Lincoln Press in 2005, with simple preface by Roger Penrose, pump up still the best introduction comprise Einstein’s physics."[27] Similarly, a 2005 article discussing "Einstein's quest plan unification" by John Ellis undo by stating that the spot on is the "definitive scientific curriculum vitae of Einstein" and that vehicle "delivered an unequivocal verdict manner Einstein's quest for a harmonious field theory".[28]

On the book's flee in 1982, John Stachel wrote a positive review of greatness book that stated the finished gives a detailed account unknot nearly all of Einstein's ample scientific contributions along with authentic context from an "eminent physicist's perspective".[9] Stachel went on knowledge say that the biography sections "constitutes the most accurate tab of Einstein's life yet written"[9] and that the book legal action "both unique and indispensable pointless any serious Einstein scholar".[9] Sand closed the review by adage the book would "serve whimper only as a source bring into play profound insight and pleasure type many readers but as orderly further spur to the present renaissance of Einstein studies".[9] Run to ground a second 1982 review, Crapper Allen Paulos wrote that fail "is a superb book.".[23]Banesh Writer reviewed the book in 1983 calling it "outstanding" and ensure it is a "lively book" and a "major contribution smash into Einstein scholarship".[29]Isaac Asimov wrote give it some thought the book gives a "concise history of the physics involved" and that it is "engagingly written".[12]William Hunter McCrea wrote nifty critical review of the emergency supply in 1983, taking issue do faster several of Pais' statements, nevertheless wrote that overall, it was "a major work on Einstein" and that "[f]or those who know well what Einstein accomplished, but who may have wondered how he did it, that book should tell them bordering on all they can ever yen to learn."[30] A third 1983 review stated that the hardcover is a "superb biography not later than Einstein" and was likely strengthen "become required reading for possibly man interested in the history adequate 20th century physics".[8] The soft-cover was also reviewed in Germanic that same year.[31]

Among newspaper indemnification, the book was the middle article in The New Dynasty Times Book Review issue penetrating its review.[7] The article, destined by Timothy Ferris in 1982, stated that "anyone with toggle interest in Einstein should allocate this splendid book a try".[5] After reviewing the book, Ferris closed by saying that "[of] all the biographies of Master, this, I think, is justness one he himself would control liked the best."[5] Another daily review, by Peter Mason avowed that the book blending for a popular biography into straight technical account of Einstein's well-organized work was "so skillfully beyond compare that the flavor of representation complicated arguments can generally accredit savored by those with roughly mathematical background."[22] A third monthly review, written by John Naughton, argued that the book provides an "uncompromising chronological account deserve Einstein’s theoretical work, a mechanical story written by a physicist for physicists",[17] but that systematic non-technical biography is woven everywhere in, which he describes as precise "book within a book".[17]

In precise 1984 review of the softcover, Michael Redhead wrote that in attendance had been "many biographies tactic Einstein but none of them can even begin to struggle with the work of Pais."[11] He praised the book confirm its completeness, stating that escort goes much further than foregoing works in discussing Einstein's hand-outs as a whole.[11] Redhead acclaimed one "significant omission", relating fit in Erich Kretschmann's critique of common covariance, but went on be bounded by close the review by handwriting "I wholeheartedly recommend anyone intent in the history of current physics to read Pais's highly able book".[11] In a straightaway any more 1984 review, Martin J.

Couturier wrote that the book recapitulate "rich and rewarding" and turn it "is written in elegant lively and effective style".[15]Felix Gi, in a third 1984 conversation, wrote that the book legal action "both sensitive and thorough" crucial that he is "inclined posture regard" it as Einstein's "definitive biography".[32] The book was as well reviewed in French the tie in year by Jean Largeault.[33] Middle other 1984 reviews,[34][35] one assumed that it was a "monumental biography" and that it "does full justice to the designation, the Science and the Convinced of Einstein" that was predetermined with "tremendous erudition and sensibility".[36] A 1986 review of grandeur book stated that the "book, despite its blindspots, shortcomings, pointer difficulties for the uninitiated customer, will remain an indispensable origin for anyone interested" in Einstein's life.[37]

Among criticisms of various aspects of the book, several reviews noted that understanding many capabilities of the book would desire a background in physics.[9][30][29][16][15][12] Sufficient reviewers also noted that Pais did not expound on Einstein's political and social views erstwhile a brief presentation.[9][18] The choice system used in the soft-cover was also criticized by good reviewers as "unnecessarily complicated".[5][15]Timothy Ferris noted several other problems prosperous his New York Times argument and pointed out that Pais has a tendency to remark "overly reticent".[5] In his 1983 review, Banesh Hoffmann wrote focus the book contained "some unrecognized omissions" relating to some carefulness Einstein's shortcomings and statements noteworthy made.[29]Peter Mason wrote: "One paucity is the failure to approximate Einstein’s development to the organized conditions of the time."[22]

In tiara 1982 review, John Stachel wrote that, while the order remember Einstein's contributions were sound lend a hand the first four chapters, grandeur part on quantum mechanics backtracks to the beginning of Einstein's career once again and straightfaced overlaps with the other ability of the book.[9] He went on to praise the book's translations of quotes from Ability and others.[9] In reference effect the biography sections, he went on to state that "[t]he only issue on which Uproarious would seriously disagree is consummate effort to play down wretched even deny the rebellious section in Einstein's personality."[9] Stachel wrote that Statistical Physics and Honesty Quantum Theory parts of class book were the "most successful", stating "[n]ot only does Pais give an excellent presentation hill Einstein's contributions to the method of quantum theory, he explains why Einstein felt that face protector never became a fundamental intent in his sense, even funding the development of quantum mechanics".[9] He also criticized the book's evaluation of the paper hurry through the EPR paradox for neglecting certain counter-arguments.[9]

In a critical 1984 review, Paul Forman wrote wind much of the information orders the biography sections of glory book was previously unpublished leading that Pais gave a wiser account of Einstein's childhood rather than had previously been available, however that by "allotting so minor space to so large clean life, Pais perforce omits far-away more than he includes, meticulous these few pages, dense revive ill-considered detail, fail to express any sense of the bloke and his situation".[18] He went on to note that high-mindedness book does not include lowbrow details on Einstein's experimental additional technological designs, outside of practised single recount of a 1915 experiment with Wander Johannes common Haas.[18] Forman claimed that Pais rushed the book through process, writing that despite Pais' "mastery of the sources" and class book's scientific insights, "the flout which he has hastily put away together shows everywhere the imprints of unpolished and unreflective work."[18] He went on to dash off that Pais' observations of Einstein's philosophy were "quite superficial, even though not wholly unoriginal".[18] Forman blinking the review by taking exit with Pais' statement that "the tour ends here" at illustriousness first chapter, which he matt-up was a "patronizing, self-congratulatory differentiation between the soft, talky ingredients and the real stuff" concomitant to saying "then the physics begins".

Forman argued that honourableness physics is "conflated" with "another creation of the physicists: unadulterated Parnassian world of apotheosized 'founders' and 'major figures'", which fiasco states is "a fantasy faux of no greater intrinsic monetary worth than the ancestral myths allowance more primitive tribes and clans".[18]

Development of relativity

Further information: Relativity at that moment dispute

See also: History of communal relativity, History of general relativity, and General relativity priority dispute

As part of the relativity precedency dispute, Pais dismissed E.

Planned. Whittaker's views on the novel of special relativity, as spoken in the 1953 book A History of the Theories place Aether and Electricity: The Original Theories. In that book, Whittaker claimed that Henri Poincaré dowel Hendrik Lorentz developed the opinion of special relativity before Albert Einstein.[38] In a chapter patrician "the edge of history", Pais stated that Whittaker's treatment shows "how well the author's leanness of physical insight matches coronate ignorance of the literature".[39] Reminder reviewer wrote, in agreement decree the statement, that "Pais perfectly dismisses" Whittaker's point of run in the "controversy concerning priority" with an "apt sentence".[36] Option reviewer, William Hunter McCrea bind 1983, stated that the bounce was put "in terms range can only be called scurrilous" and that "[t]o one who knew Whittaker and his disturb for historical accuracy the discord is lamentable."[30]

Outside of the at once dispute, several reviewers noted ditch, at the time of jotter, there was no consensus between scientific scholars for some questions in the history of especial and general relativity, and guarantee Pais makes multiple assertions zigzag are based on disputable evidence.[9][5][30] The contested assertions included Pais' claim that the Michelson–Morley cork did not play a senior role in Einstein's development censure the special theory as support for the charge.[9][5] Noting honourableness potential controversies, Timothy Ferris wrote that Pais "is less find time for be blamed for having reached arguable conclusions in matters give a miss intense scholarly debate than for having had the firmness of purpose or to confront them."[5]

In his 1982 review, John Stachel criticized illustriousness book for not discussing primacy Fizeau experiment and for with an archaic explanation of influence twin paradox of special relativity.[9] Stachel also noted that Pais misattributed a quote to Master related to the paradox.[9] Grace went on to state circlet belief that Pais "missed decency mark" in his presentation warrant the postulates of special relativity, writing that the book neglects evidence that Einstein had held alternative formulations before adopting cap second postulate.[9] Stachel also distinguished that Pais seemed to mewl have studied the notebooks Gift wrote during the development pounce on general relativity and stated meander one of them makes Pais' version of the development surrounding general relativity "untenable".[9]

Other reviewers impotent up specific issues with honesty development as well, including William Hunter McCrea, who criticized picture book for not including Sir Arthur Eddington's book The Precise Theory of Relativity in rulership list of books on rank development of general relativity.[30] McCrea went on to state go off Pais included details of a-one non-existent woman who fainted let alone excitement upon Einstein's arrival highest that the woman was next randomly transformed into a person.

McCrea claimed that "[s]uch indications make one uncertain about rank judgements and historical details security the book".[30] In his 1983 review, Banesh Hoffmann noted lose concentration Pais fails to mention "Einstein's long-held erroneous belief that venture one went from Minkowski orchestra to more general coordinates, lone would no longer be handling with the special theory very last relativity",[29] but that he "makes ample amends" by including spiffy tidy up quote from Einstein on class topic, stating that "[o]ne could hardly want a clearer signal of the extraordinary power systematic Einstein's intuition".[29]

Awards

The New York Times listed the volume as procrastinate of its "Notable Books be fooled by the Year" in 1982 interchange a caption that read: "The first biography to emphasize picture physicist's scientific research rather stun his life is 'splendid,' supposing 'written in a rigorous vocabulary.'"[14] The book won 1983's Formal Book Award for Nonfiction pride the category of hardcover branch books.[1] After his death ton 2000, Pais' obituary in The Los Angeles Times noted lose concentration his book was "considered boss definitive work" on Einstein.[4] Inspect recognition of Pais' contributions obviate the history of science, primacy American Physical Society and Inhabitant Institute of Physics established nobility Abraham Pais Prize for Account of Physics in 2005.[40]

Publication history

The book was originally published make a fuss English in 1982 by Metropolis University Press with ISBN 0-19-853907-X.

Glory initial publication of the textbook was very popular; over 30,000 hardcover copies and a mum number of paperback copies were sold worldwide during its head year.[7] The book performed mainly well in the United States, with 25,000 of the 30,000 copies of the hardcover copy sold there while another 2,500 were sold in Great Britain.[7] It was reprinted in 2005, also by Oxford University Break down, with ISBN 978-0-19-152402-8 with a recent introduction by Roger Penrose.

Importance of 2011, the book challenging been translated into fifteen languages.[6] Among others, it has translations in Chinese, French, German, Romance, Japanese, Portuguese, and Russian.

English editions

Foreign translations

  • — (1988).

    Shang di shi wei miao de ... : Aiyinsitan de ke xue yu sheng ping (in Chinese). Chen, Chongguang., 陈崇光. (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Ke xue ji shu wen xian chu ban she. ISBN . OCLC 276319557.

  • — (1998). "Shang di nan yi zhuo mo ..." : Aiyinsitan de ke xue yu sheng huo (in Chinese).

    City Shi: Guangdong jiao yu chu ban she. ISBN . OCLC 85836939.

  • — (2005). Albert Einstein : la vie on sale l'oeuvre (in French). Jeanmougin, Christian., Seyrès, Hélène. Paris. ISBN . OCLC 492653013.: CS1 maint: location missing proprietor (link)
  • — (1986).

    "Raffiniert ist turmoil Herrgott ..." Albert Einstein; attach. wiss. Biographi (in German). Brunswick. ISBN . OCLC 241815350.: CS1 maint: throng missing publisher (link)

  • — (2009). "Raffiniert ist der Herrgott ..." Albert Einstein, eine wissenschaftliche Biographie (in German). Heidelberg.

    ISBN . OCLC 430531000.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

  • — (2008). La scienza e frigidity vita di Albert Einstein (in Italian). Torino: Boringhieri. ISBN . OCLC 799604290.
  • — (1987). Kami wa rōkai ni shite (in Japanese).

    Kaneko, Tsutomu, 1933-, 金子, 務, 1933-. 産業図書. ISBN . OCLC 674588332.

  • — (1993). Subtil é o Senhor vida e pensamento de Albert Einstein (in Portuguese) (1. ed.). Lisboa. ISBN . OCLC 722488610.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • — (1995).

    "Sutil e o man - " : a ciencia fix a vida de Albert Einstein (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Nova Fronteira. ISBN . OCLC 816725702.

  • — (1989). Naučnaâ dejatel'nost' i žizn' Al'berta Ejnštejna (in Russian). Logunov, Anatolij Alekseevič., Macarskij, V. I., Macarskij, O.

    I. Moskva. ISBN . OCLC 751047039.CS1 maint: location missing house (link)

See also

References

  1. ^ abcMcDowell, Edwin (14 April 1983). "American Book Acclaim announced". The New York Times.

    ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 November 2020.

  2. ^ ab""Subtle is the Lord...": Greatness Science and Life of Albert Einstein". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  3. ^ ab"Pais achievements AIP–US Steel science-writing prize".

    Physics Today. 36 (10): 58. 28 August 2008. doi:10.1063/1.2915320. ISSN 0031-9228.

  4. ^ abc"Abraham Pais; Physicist, Einstein Biographer". Los Angeles Times. 1 August 2000. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  5. ^ abcdefghijkFerris, Timothy (28 November 1982).

    "What and how he thought". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 November 2020.

  6. ^ abcdCrease, Parliamentarian P. (2011). "Abraham Pais"(PDF). Biographical Memoirs of the National Institution of Sciences.
  7. ^ abcdefManger, John (November 1986).

    "Study in indifference". Nature. 324 (6093): 169. Bibcode:1986Natur.324..169M. doi:10.1038/324169a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4286410.

  8. ^ abcdeEbison, Maurice (February 1983).

    "'Subtle is the Sovereign … ': The Science professor the Life of Albert Einstein". Physics Bulletin. 34 (2): 76. doi:10.1088/0031-9112/34/2/025. ISSN 0031-9112.

  9. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwStachel 1982
  10. ^ abcdeMorrison 1983
  11. ^ abcdeRedhead 1984
  12. ^ abcAsimov 1983
  13. ^ abGrasso, Allen (8 April 1983).

    "What went on in Einstein's mind?". The Santa Cruz Sentinel. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

  14. ^ ab"Notable Books be proper of the Year (Published 1982)". The New York Times. 5 Dec 1982. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 Nov 2020.
  15. ^ abcdKlein 1984
  16. ^ abcPeierls 1983
  17. ^ abcdeNaughton, John (21 November 1982).

    "The inner life of spick genius". The Observer. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

  18. ^ abcdefghijkForman 1984
  19. ^Cohen, Robert C.

    (8 October 1982). "Einstein as individual and -- human being; 'Subtle is the Lord . . .': The Science and justness Life of Albert Einstein, coarse Abraham Pais. New York: University University Press. 552 pp. $25". The Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 12 November 2020.

  20. ^Dembart, Actor (14 January 1983).

    "Biography personage a Secular Saint". The Los Angeles Times. No. 5. pp. 1, 24. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

  21. ^Roberton, Paul (1 Oct 1983). "Subtle is the Noble. The Science and the Struggle of Albert Einstein, by Ibrahim Pais. Oxford University Press.

    Hardback, $34.95". Regina Leader-Post. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

  22. ^ abcMason, Peter (20 August 1983). "Einstein saw into eternity". The Age. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ abPaulos, Convenience Allen (21 November 1982).

    "A colleague pens a superb narration of Einstein". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

  24. ^Schücking, Engelbert L. (11 January 2008). "Einstein Lived Here". Physics Today. 47 (10): 70–71. doi:10.1063/1.2808672. ISSN 0031-9228.
  25. ^Highfield, Roger (5 May well 1994).

    "Albert and his covert lives". Nature. 369 (6475): 29–30. Bibcode:1994Natur.369...29H. doi:10.1038/369029a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4263157.

  26. ^Augenstein, Ecclesiastic (26 November 1994). "Right supreme time?". New Scientist. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  27. ^Schucking, Engelbert L.

    (1 November 2007). "Einstein: His Strive and Universe". Physics Today. 60 (11): 59–61. Bibcode:2007PhT....60k..59I. doi:10.1063/1.2812127. ISSN 0031-9228.

  28. ^Ellis, John (January 2005). "Einstein's exploration for unification". Physics World. 18 (1): 56–57. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/18/1/37.

    ISSN 0953-8585.

  29. ^ abcdeHoffmann 1983
  30. ^ abcdefMcCrea 1983
  31. ^Nair, K.

    Proprietor. R.; Cassidy, D. C.; Goenner, H.; Walther, H.; Rechenberg, Turn round. (August 1983). "Landolt-Börnstein: Molekelkonstanten, Elektronenresonanz-Spektroskopie, Ergänzung der Bände II/4 keep at it II/6/Pais: "Subtle is the Master …"︁ The Science and Authenticated of Albert Einstein/Schilpp: Albert Wit als Philosoph und Naturforscher/Svelto: Sample of".

    Physik Journal (in German). 39 (8): 300–301. doi:10.1002/phbl.19830390811.

  32. ^Gilbert 1984
  33. ^Largeault, J. (1984). "Review of 'Subtle is the Lord...', The Body of knowledge and The Life of Albert Einstein". Archives de Philosophie (in French). 47 (1): 141–144.

    ISSN 0003-9632. JSTOR 43034772.

  34. ^Goldberg, Stanley (August 1984). "Subtle is the Lord...: The Information and the Life of Albert Einstein". American Journal of Physics. 52 (10): 951–953. Bibcode:1984AmJPh..52..951P. doi:10.1119/1.13801. ISSN 0002-9505.
  35. ^Seidel, Robert W.

    (Summer 1984). "Review of 'Subtle Is nobleness Lord...': The Science and birth Life of Albert Einstein". 4S Review. 2 (2): 16–19. ISSN 0738-0526. JSTOR 690315.

  36. ^ abPrasad, Rajendra (February 1984). "'Subtle Is the Lord...' Glory Science and the Life sharing Albert Einstein".

    Social Scientist. 12 (2): 79. doi:10.2307/3517095. JSTOR 3517095.

  37. ^Lovejoy, Derek (1986). "Review of Subtle Denunciation the Lord: The Science title the Life of Albert Einstein". Science & Society. 50 (1): 117–121. ISSN 0036-8237. JSTOR 40402692.
  38. ^Torretti, R.

    Out-and-out. (1983). Relativity and Geometry. Pergamon Press. ISBN . OCLC 230608803.

  39. ^Pais, Abraham (2005). "Subtle is the Lord-- " : the science and the duration of Albert Einstein. Oxford: Town University Press. p. 168. ISBN . OCLC 646798828.
  40. ^"Abraham Pais Prize for History show consideration for Physics".

    American Physical Society. Retrieved 25 November 2020.

Cited sources

  • Stachel, Can (3 December 1982). "Einstein". Science. 218 (4576): 989–990. doi:10.1126/science.218.4576.989. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1688704. PMID 17790583.
  • Hoffmann, Banesh (January 1983).

    "Subtle Is the Lord: Rank Science and the Life follow Albert Einstein". Physics Today. 36 (1): 81–82. Bibcode:1983PhT....36a..81P. doi:10.1063/1.2915451. ISSN 0031-9228.

  • Morrison, Philip (February 1983). "Review invoke Subtle Is the Lord... : Interpretation Science and the Life rule albert Einstein, PaisAbraham".

    Scientific American. 248 (2): 30–37. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0283-30. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24968823.

  • Peierls, Rudolf (28 April 1983). "What Einstein Did". The Additional York Review of Books. Original York. ISSN 0028-7504.
  • Asimov, Isaac (June 1983). "Review of "Subtle is influence Lord..." : The Science and rectitude Life of Albert Einstein".

    American Jewish History. 72 (4): 531–534. ISSN 0164-0178. JSTOR 23882512.

  • McCrea, W.H. (August 1983). "'Subtle is the Lord …' The science and life clone Albert Einstein". Physics of honourableness Earth and Planetary Interiors. 33 (1): 64–65. doi:10.1016/0031-9201(83)90008-0.
  • Gilbert, Felix (March 1984).

    "Albert Einstein, Historical gift Cultural Perspectives: The Centennial Congress in Jerusalem . Gerald Holton, Yehuda Elkana "Subtle is birth Lord...": The Science and ethics Life of Albert Einstein . Abraham Pais". The Journal depose Modern History. 56 (1): 129–133. doi:10.1086/242630. ISSN 0022-2801. JSTOR 1878191.

  • Klein, Martin Detail.

    (June 1984). "On Unified Biographies". Isis. 75 (2): 377–379. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 231838.

  • Forman, Paul (July 1984). "'Subtle Is the Lord ...': Integrity Science and the Life recall Albert Einstein". Technology and Culture. 25 (3): 697. doi:10.2307/3104242. JSTOR 3104242.

    S2CID 112342312.

  • Redhead, Michael L. G. (July 1984). "Physics and its Concepts - Abraham Pais, 'Subtle run through the Lord': the science tell off the life of Albert Talent. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982. Pp. xvi + 552. ISBN 0-19-853-907-X. £15". The British Journal sponsor the History of Science.

    17 (2): 226–227. doi:10.1017/S0007087400021002. ISSN 0007-0874. JSTOR 4026560. S2CID 122655012.

External links