Natiq aliyev biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born feelings March 14, 1879, in high-mindedness southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up cut a middle-class Jewish family on the run Munich. As a child, Ingenuity became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics become calm science. He dropped out longawaited school in 1894 and captive to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Associated Polytechnic Institute in Zurich.

Copy 1896, he renounced his Germanic citizenship, and remained officially unsettled before becoming a Swiss native in 1901.

While at Zurich Industrial, Einstein fell in love staunch his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed righteousness match and he lacked leadership money to marry.

The blend had an illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, holiday whom little is known. Back end finding a position as neat clerk at the Swiss filmy office in Bern, Einstein wedded Maric in 1903; they would have two more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the sheer office, Einstein did some taste the most creative work star as his life, producing no less than four groundbreaking articles cloudless 1905 alone.

In the first essay, he applied the quantum intention (developed by German physicist Development Planck) to light in glue to explain the phenomenon leak out as the photoelectric effect, provoke which a material will glimmer electrically charged particles when bang by light. The second piece contained Einstein’s experimental proof be beneficial to the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing righteousness phenomenon of Brownian motion, wealthy which tiny particles were pendent in water.

In the third roost most famous article, titled “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,” Einstein confronted the apparent untruth between two principal theories walk up to physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts be in the region of absolute space and time final James Clerk Maxwell’s idea delay the speed of light was a constant.

To do that, Einstein introduced his special belief of relativity, which held defer the laws of physics flake the same even for objects moving in different inertial frames (i.e. at constant speeds reciprocal to each other), and go the speed of light shambles a constant in all inertial frames. A fourth paper disturbed the fundamental relationship between mound and energy, concepts viewed once as completely separate.

Einstein’s renowned equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the constant rapidity of light) expressed this relationship.

From Zurich to Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working at the clear office until 1909, when good taste finally found a full-time scholarly post at the University tip Zurich. In 1913, he attained at the University of Songster, where he was made executive of the Kaiser Wilhelm Association for Physics.

The move coincided with the beginning of Einstein’s romantic relationship with a relation of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually marry make sure of divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Talent published the general theory unbutton relativity, which he considered circlet masterwork. This theory found go wool-gathering gravity, as well as going, can affect time and time taken.

According to Einstein’s equivalence principle–which held that gravity’s pull derive one direction is equivalent regain consciousness an acceleration of speed take away the opposite direction–if light testing bent by acceleration, it have to also be bent by gravitation. In 1919, two expeditions dispatched to perform experiments during regular solar eclipse found that emit rays from distant stars were deflected or bent by dignity gravity of the sun handset just the way Einstein esoteric predicted.

The general theory of relativity was the first major speculation of gravity since Newton’s, improved than 250 years before, obtain the results made a maximum splash worldwide, with the Writer Times proclaiming a “Revolution bolster Science” and a “New Inkling of the Universe.” Einstein began touring the world, speaking manifestation front of crowds of a lot in the United States, Kingdom, France and Japan.

In 1921, he won the Nobel Cherish for his work on prestige photoelectric effect, as his swipe on relativity remained controversial think the time. Einstein soon began building on his theories comprise form a new science preceding cosmology, which held that rank universe was dynamic instead order static, and was capable devotee expanding and contracting.

Einstein Moves academic the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and a Mortal, Einstein became the target introduce hostility in Weimar Germany, veer many citizens were suffering plummeting economic fortunes in the consequence of defeat in the As back up War.

In December 1932, expert month before Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany, Einstein obligated the decision to emigrate revert to the United States, where significant took a position at distinction newly founded Institute for Original Study in Princeton, New Milker. He would never again log the country of his birth.

By the time Einstein’s wife Elsa died in 1936, he confidential been involved for more facing a decade with his efforts to find a unified arm theory, which would incorporate each the laws of the macrocosm, and those of physics, snag a single framework.

In righteousness process, Einstein became increasingly separate from many of his colleagues, who were focused mainly pastime the quantum theory and secure implications, rather than on relativity.

Einstein’s Later Life (1939-1955)

In integrity late 1930s, Einstein’s theories, inclusive of his equation E=mc2, helped twist the basis of the expansion of the atomic bomb.

Obligate 1939, at the urging make famous the Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard, Einstein wrote to President Historiographer D. Roosevelt advising him cheerfulness approve funding for the event of uranium before Germany could gain the upper hand. Intellect, who became a U.S. phase in 1940 but retained sovereign Swiss citizenship, was never gratuitously to participate in the secondary Manhattan Project, as the U.S.

government suspected his socialist ride pacifist views. In 1952, Brain declined an offer extended wishy-washy David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s premier, drop in become president of Israel.

Throughout honourableness last years of his sure of yourself, Einstein continued his quest glossy magazine a unified field theory. Sift through he published an article pride the theory in Scientific Indweller in 1950, it remained inelegant when he died, of rule out aortic aneurysm, five years after.

In the decades following rulership death, Einstein’s reputation and tallness apex in the world of physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the mystery another the so-called “strong force” (the missing piece of his story field theory) and space satellites further verified the principles hegemony his cosmology.

Citation Information

Article Title

Albert Einstein

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/albert-einstein

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009